Neutralizing antibodies and cytokines in breast milk after mRNA vaccination against 2019 coronavirus infection (COVID19).

Evaluation of immune response to mRNA-based vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) present in breast milk and transmission of immune response to breast-fed infants We enrolled 30 lactating women who received mRNAbased COVID19 vaccines from January through April 2021 in this cohort study. Women provided serial milk samples, including milk expressed before vaccination, across 2–3 weeks after the first dose, and across 3 weeks after the second dose. Women provided their blood, spotted on cards (dried blood spots), 19 days after the first dose and 21 days after the second dose. Stool samples from the breastfed infants were collected 21 days after mothers second vaccination. Prepandemic samples of milk, dried blood spots, and infant stool were used as controls. Milk, dry blood stains, and baby stools were tested for receptor-binding domain (RBD) -specific immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG using enzyme immunoassays. Milk samples were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against spikes and four concerns: D614G, alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), and gamma (P.1). The concentrations of 10 cytokines were measured in milk samples. Milk from women immunized with COVID 19 neutralized four mutant strains of concern, primarily spikes caused by anti-RBD IgG. The milk's immune response also included a significant increase in interferon gamma. Breast-fed babies reflected an immune response to maternal vaccination. Anti-RBD IgG and anti-RBDIgA were detected in 33% and 30% of infant stool samples, respectively. The level of anti-RBD antibody in the baby's stool was correlated with the side effects of the maternal vaccine. Mean anti-RBD antibody levels were below the positive limit in pre-pandemic milk and baby stool samples. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to mRNA-based COVID 19 vaccination are found in most women's milk. Milk anti-RBD antibody can neutralize anxious variants of coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) spikes and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Anti-RBD antibodies are transferred to breast-fed infants who may give passive immunity to SARSCoV2.Two mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) vaccines, BNT162b2 (PfizerBioNTech) and mRNA1273 (Moderna) are approved for use in the United States. Breastfeeding for clinical trials of two mRNA vaccine candidates The woman inside was not included. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the American University of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Academy of Breast Nutrition Medicine recommend vaccination of women with breast nutrition. At the time of this writing, the COVID19 vaccine has not yet been approved. For infants under the age of 5, passive immunity given to infants breast-fed by a developing fetus through the placenta of a vaccinated mother or a vaccinated pregnant woman is probably severe acute respiratory syndrome. It is the only way to protect your baby from infection with coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2). 

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